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IGCSE - CAMBRIDGE EXAM PREPERATION

O level - Cambridge

O – Level is the final certification for secondary school, to be taken at fifth or year 11 at approximately age 17 (or age group 14-16). Students that have completed O-Level are considered to have completed formal education. They can further their studies to A-Level ( at their school’s sixth form or private colleges), Foundation Courses or diploma courses, or simply leaving school.

 O Level

O-Levels were predominantly exam-based; this had advantages for students in Part-time or Evening Education.

Board – Cambridge Board
Exam Center – The British Council
Exam Session – May/June and Oct/Nov
Subjects Offered – English as a Second Language, English as a first Language, Maths, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Accounts, Business, Economics, Travel & Tourism, Computer Science (Any 7 subjects)
Examinations: O Levels are usually taken at the end of a two-year course, with examinations administered by external examination boards such as Cambridge Assessment International Education (CAIE), Pearson Edexcel, or AQA.
Grading: O Levels are graded on a scale from A* to G, with A* being the highest grade achievable.
Curriculum: The curriculum for O Levels covers a broad range of subjects, focusing on building a strong foundation of knowledge and skills across various disciplines.
Preparation: Students typically prepare for O Levels through coursework, classwork, and revision, often with the guidance of teachers or tutors
Results and Certification – Should pass in five subjects minimum to be O’ Level or IGCSE Certified

Subjects Offered to Private Candidates

Class Timings : 5 pm to 8 pm (Saturday – Thursday) Regular Batch

  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Biology
  • Accounts
  • Business
  • Economics
  • English

Cambridge O Level curriculum

Cambridge O Level is an internationally recognised qualification equivalent to Cambridge IGCSE and UK GCSE. Cambridge O Level provides learners with excellent preparation for academic progression to Cambridge Advanced as well as other progression routes. We designed Cambridge O Level for an international audience. It is sensitive to the needs of different countries and for learners whose first language may not be English. This is acknowledged during the assessment process. In some countries, schools use Cambridge O Level as an international alternative or addition to the local government's examination.

O Level - Cambridge Syllabus

Cambridge O Level - Physics Syllabus content
Sl Chapters Subject content
1
Physical Quantities, Units and Measurement
  • Scalars and vectors
  • Measurement techniques
  • Units and symbols
2
Kinematics
  • Speed, velocity and acceleration
  • Graphical analysis of motion
  • Free-fall
3
Dynamics
  • Balanced and unbalanced forces
  • Friction
  • Circular motion
4
Mass, Weight and Density
  • Mass and weight
  • Gravitational fields
  • Density
5
Turning Effect of Forces
  • Moments
  • Centre of mass
  • Stability
6
Deformation
  • Elastic deformation
7
Pressure
  • Pressure
  • Pressure changes
8
Energy Sources and Transfer of Energy
  • Energy forms
  • Major sources of energy
  • Work
  • Efficiency
  • Power
9
Transfer of Thermal Energy
  • Conduction
  • Convection
  • Radiation
10
Temperature
  • Principles of thermometry
  • Practical thermometers
11
Thermal Properties of Matter
  • Specific heat capacity
  • Melting and boiling
  • Thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases
12
Kinetic Model of Matter
  • States of matter
  • Molecular model
  • Evaporation
13
General Wave Properties
  • Describing wave motion
  • Wave terms
  • Wave behaviour
14
Light
  • Reflection of light
  • Refraction of light
  • Thin converging and diverging lenses
15
Electromagnetic Spectrum
  • Dispersion of light
  • Properties of electromagnetic waves
  • Applications of electromagnetic waves
16
Sound
  • Sound waves
  • Speed of sound
  • Ultrasound
17
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
  • Laws of magnetism
  • Magnetic properties of matter
  • Electromagnetism
18
Static Electricity
  • Laws of electrostatics
  • Principles of electrostatics
  • Applications of electrostatics
19
Current Electricity
  • Current
  • Electromotive force
  • Potential difference
  • Resistance
20
D.C. Circuits
  • Current and potential difference in circuits
  • Series and parallel circuits
21
Practical Electricity
  • Uses of electricity
  • Dangers of electricity
  • Safe use of electricity in the home
22
Electromagnetism
  • Force on a current-carrying conductor
  • The d.c. motor
23
Electromagnetic Induction
  • Principles of electromagnetic induction
  • The a.c. generator
  • The transformer
24
Introductory Electronics
  • Thermionic emission and cathode-rays
  • Uses of an oscilloscope
  • Action and use of circuit components
25
Electronic Systems
  • Switching and logic circuits
  • Bistable and astable circuits
26
Radioactivity
  • Detection of radioactivity
  • Characteristics of the three types of emission
  • Nuclear reactions
  • Half-life
  • Uses of radioactive isotopes including safety precautions
Cambridge O Level - Chemistry Syllabus content
Sl Chapters Subject content
1
Experimental chemistry
  • Experimental design
  • Methods of purification and analysis
  • Identification of ions and gases
2
The particulate nature of matter
  • Kinetic particle theory
  • Atomic structure
  • Structure and properties of materials
  • Ionic bonding
  • Covalent bonding
  • Metallic bonding
3
Formulae, stoichiometry and the mole concept
  • Formulae
  • Stoichiometry Ratio
  • Mole Concept
4
Electrolysis
  • Electrolysis as the conduction of electricity
  • Products of the electrolysis
  • Electrolysis of purified aluminium oxide
5
Energy from chemicals
  • Enthalpy change in terms of exothermic
  • Represent energy changes
  • Bond breaking / bond making
  • Overall enthalpy changes
  • Combustion of fuels
6
Chemical reactions
  • Rate of reaction
  • Redox
  • Reversible reactions
7
The chemistry and uses of acids, bases and salts
  • The characteristic properties of acids and bases
  • Preparation of salts
  • Properties and uses of ammonia
  • Sulfuric acid
8
The Periodic Table
  • Periodic trends
  • Group properties
  • Transition elements
9
Metals
  • Properties of metals
  • Reactivity series
  • Extraction of metals
  • Iron
  • Aluminium
10
Atmosphere and environment
  • Air
  • Water
11
Organic chemistry
  • Alkanes
  • Alkenes
  • Alcohols
  • Carboxylic acids
  • Macromolecules
Cambridge O Level - Biology Syllabus content
Sl Chapters Subject content
1
Cell structure and organisation
  • Plant and animal cells
  • Specialised cells, tissues and organs
2
Diffusion and osmosis
  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Active transport
3
Enzymes
  • Enzyme action
  • Effects of temperature and pH
4
Plant nutrition
  • Photosynthesis
  • Leaf structure
  • Mineral nutrition
5
Animal nutrition
  • Nutrients
  • Diet
  • World food supplies
  • Human alimentary canal
  • Chemical digestion
  • Absorption and assimilation
6
Transport in flowering plants
  • Water and ion uptake
  • Transpiration and translocation
7
Transport in humans
  • Circulatory system
8
Respiration
  • Aerobic respiration
  • Anaerobic respiration
  • Human gas exchange
9
Excretion
  • Structure and function of kidneys
  • Kidney dialysis
10
Homeostasis
  • Structure and function of the skin
11
Coordination and response
  • Nervous system
  • Receptors
  • Reflex action
  • Hormones
12
Support, movement and locomotion
  • Bones
  • Joints
  • Antagonistic muscles
13
The use and abuse of drugs
  • Antibiotics
  • Effects of heroin
  • Effects of alcohol
  • Effects of tobacco smoke
14
Microorganisms and biotechnology
  • Microorganisms
  • Food biotechnology
  • Industrial biotechnology
15
Relationships of organisms with one another and with the environment
  • Energy flow
  • Food chains and food webs
  • Carbon cycle
  • Nitrogen cycle
  • Parasitism
  • Effects of humans on the ecosystem
  • Pollution
  • Conservation
16
Development of organisms and continuity of life
  • Asexual reproduction
  • Sexual reproduction in plants
  • Sexual reproduction in humans
  • Sexually transmitted diseases
17
Inheritance
  • Variation
  • Chromosomes and DNA
  • Monohybrid inheritance
  • Selection
  • Genetic engineering
Cambridge O Level - Mathematics Syllabus content
Sl Theme or topic Subject content
1
Number
  • identify and use natural numbers, integers (positive, negative and zero), prime numbers, square numbers, cube numbers, common factors and common multiples, rational and irrational numbers (e.g. π, √2 ), real numbers
2
Set language and notation
  • use language, notation and Venn diagrams to describe sets and represent relationships between sets
    Defi nition of sets: e.g.
    A = {x : x is a natural number}
    B = {(x, y): y = mx + c}
    C = {x : a ⋜ x ⋜ b}
    D = {a, b, c…}
3
Squares, square roots, cubes and cube roots
  • calculate squares, square roots, cubes and cube roots of numbers
4
Directed numbers
  • use directed numbers in practical situations
5
Vulgar and decimal fractions and percentages
  • use the language and notation of simple vulgar and decimal fractions and percentages in appropriate contexts
  • recognise equivalence and convert between these forms
6
Ordering
  • order quantities by magnitude and demonstrate familiarity with the symbols =, ≠, <,> ,⋜,⋝
7
Standard form
  • use the standard form A × 10n where n is a positive or negative integer, and 1 ⋜ A < 10
8
The four operations
  • use the four operations for calculations with whole numbers, decimals and vulgar (and mixed) fractions, including correct ordering of operations and use of brackets
9
Estimation​
  • make estimates of numbers, quantities and lengths, give approximations to specifi ed numbers of signifi cant fi gures and decimal places and round off answers to reasonable accuracy in the context of a given problem
10
Limits of accuracy​
  • give appropriate upper and lower bounds for data given to a specifi ed accuracy
  • obtain appropriate upper and lower bounds to solutions of simple problems given data to a specifi ed accuracy
11
Ratio, proportion, rate
  • demonstrate an understanding of ratio and proportion
  • increase and decrease a quantity by a given ratio
  • use common measures of rate
  • solve problems involving average speed
12
Percentages​
  • calculate a given percentage of a quantity
  • express one quantity as a percentage of another
  • calculate percentage increase or decrease
  • carry out calculations involving reverse percentages
13
Use of an electronic calculator
  • use a calculator effi ciently
  • apply appropriate checks of accuracy
  • enter a range of measures including ‘time’
  • interpret the calculator display appropriately
14
Time​
  • calculate times in terms of the 24-hour and 12-hour clock
  • read clocks, dials and timetables
15
Money
  • solve problems involving money and convert from one currency to another
16
Personal and small business fi nance​
  • use given data to solve problems on personal and small business fi nance involving earnings, simple interest and compound interest
  • extract data from tables and charts
17
Algebraic representation and formulae
  • use letters to express generalised numbers and express arithmetic processes algebraically
  • substitute numbers for words and letters in formulae
  • construct and transform formulae and equations
18
Algebraic manipulation​
  • manipulate directed numbers
  • use brackets and extract common factors
  • expand products of algebraic expressions
  • factorise where possible expressions of the form:
    ax + bx + kay + kby
    a2x2 − b2y2
    a2 + 2ab + b2
    ax2 + bx + c
  • manipulate algebraic fractions
  • factorise and simplify rational expressions
19
Indices
  • understand and use the rules of indices
  • use and interpret positive, negative, fractional and zero indices
20
Solutions of equations and inequalities​
  • solve simple linear equations in one unknown
  • solve fractional equations with numerical and linear algebraic denominators
  • solve simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns
  • solve quadratic equations by factorisation, completing the square or by use of the formula
  • solve simple linear inequalities
21
Graphical representation of inequalities
  • represent linear inequalities graphically
22
Sequences​
  • continue a given number sequence
  • recognise patterns in sequences and relationships between different sequences
  • generalise sequences as simple algebraic statements
23
Variation
  • express direct and inverse variation in algebraic terms and use this form of expression to fi nd unknown quantities
24
Graphs in practical situations​
  • interpret and use graphs in practical situations including travel graphs and conversion graphs
  • draw graphs from given data
  • apply the idea of rate of change to easy kinematics involving distance–time and speed–time graphs, acceleration and deceleration
  • calculate distance travelled as area under a linear speed–time graph
25
Graphs of functions​
  • construct tables of values and draw graphs for functions of the form axn where a is a rational constant, and n = –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, and simple sums of not more than three of these and for functions of the form kax where a is a positive integer
  • interpret graphs of linear, quadratic, cubic, reciprocal and exponential functions
  • solve associated equations approximately by graphical methods
  • estimate gradients of curves by drawing tangents
26
Function notation​
  • use function notation, e.g. f(x) = 3x – 5, f:x ⟼ 3x – 5, to describe simple functions
  • find inverse functions f–1(x)
27
Coordinate geometry​
  • demonstrate familiarity with Cartesian coordinates in two dimensions
  • find the gradient of a straight line
  • calculate the gradient of a straight line from the coordinates of two points on it
  • calculate the length and the coordinates of the midpoint of a line segment from the coordinates of its end points
  • interpret and obtain the equation of a straight line graph in the form y = mx + c
  • determine the equation of a straight line parallel to a given line
  • fi nd the gradient of parallel and perpendicular lines
28
Geometrical terms
  • use and interpret the geometrical terms: point; line; plane; parallel; perpendicular; bearing; right angle, acute, obtuse and refl ex angles; interior and exterior angles; similarity and congruence
  • use and interpret vocabulary of triangles, special quadrilaterals, circles, polygons and simple solid fi gures
  • understand and use the terms: centre, radius, chord, diameter, circumference, tangent, arc, sector and segment
29
Geometrical constructions
  • measure lines and angles
  • construct a triangle, given the three sides, using a ruler and pair of compasses only
  • construct other simple geometrical fi gures from given data, using a ruler and protractor as necessary
  • construct angle bisectors and perpendicular bisectors using a pair of compasses as necessary
  • read and make scale drawings
  • use and interpret nets
30
Similarity and congruence
  • solve problems and give simple explanations involving similarity and congruence
  • Calculate lengths of similar fi gures
  • use the relationships between areas of similar triangles, with corresponding results for similar fi gures, and extension to volumes and surface areas of similar solids
31
Symmetry​
  • recognise rotational and line symmetry (including order of rotational symmetry) in two dimensions
  • recognise symmetry properties of the prism (including cylinder) and the pyramid (including cone)
  • use the following symmetry properties of circles:
    (a) equal chords are equidistant from the centre
    (b) the perpendicular bisector of a chord passes through the centre
    (c) tangents from an external point are equal in length
32
Angles
  • calculate unknown angles and give simple explanations using the following geometrical properties:
    (a) angles at a point
    (b) angles at a point on a straight line and intersecting straight lines
    (c) angles formed within parallel lines
    (d) angle properties of triangles and quadrilaterals
    (e) angle properties of regular and irregular polygons
    (f) angle in a semi-circle
    (g) angle between tangent and radius of a circle
    (h) angle at the centre of a circle is twice the angle at the circumference
    (i) angles in the same segment are equal
    (j) angles in opposite segments are supplementary
33
Loci
  • use the following loci and the method of intersecting loci for sets of points in two dimensions which are:
    (a) at a given distance from a given point
    (b) at a given distance from a given straight line
    (c) equidistant from two given points
    (d) equidistant from two given intersecting straight lines
34
Measures​
  • use current units of mass, length, area, volume and capacity in practical situations and express quantities in terms of larger or smaller units
35
Mensuration
  • solve problems involving: (a) the perimeter and area of a rectangle and triangle
    (b) the perimeter and area of a parallelogram and a trapezium
    (c) the circumference and area of a circle
    (d) arc length and sector area as fractions of the circumference and area of a circle
    (e) the surface area and volume of a cuboid, cylinder, prism, sphere, pyramid and cone
    (f) the areas and volumes of compound shapes
36
Trigonometry
  • interpret and use three-fi gure bearings
  • apply Pythagoras’ theorem and the sine, cosine and tangent ratios for acute angles to the calculation of a side or of an angle of a right-angled triangle
  • solve trigonometrical problems in two dimensions involving angles of elevation and depression
  • extend sine and cosine functions to angles between 90° and 180°
  • solve problems using the sine and cosine rules for any triangle and the formula area of triangle = 1/2 ab sin C
  • solve simple trigonometrical problems in three dimensions
37
Vectors in two dimensions
  • describe a translation by using a vector represented
  • add and subtract vectors
  • multiply a vector by a scalar
  • represent vectors by directed line segments
  • use the sum and difference of two vectors to express given vectors in terms of two coplanar vectors
  • use position vectors
38
Matrices
  • display information in the form of a matrix of any order
  • solve problems involving the calculation of the sum and product (where appropriate) of two matrices, and interpret the results
  • calculate the product of a matrix and a scalar quantity
  • use the algebra of 2 × 2 matrices including the zero and identity 2 × 2 matrices
  • calculate the determinant A and inverse A–1 of a non-singular matrix A
39
Transformations
  • use the following transformations of the plane: refl ection (M), rotation (R), translation (T), enlargement (E) and their combinations
  • identify and give precise descriptions of transformations connecting given fi gures
  • describe transformations using coordinates and matrices
40
Probability
  • calculate the probability of a single event as either a fraction or a decimal
  • understand that the probability of an event occurring = 1 – the probability of the event not occurring
  • understand relative frequency as an estimate of probability
  • calculate the probability of simple combined events using possibility diagrams and tree diagrams where appropriate
41
Categorical, numerical and grouped data
  • collect, classify and tabulate statistical data
  • read, interpret and draw simple inferences from tables and statistical diagrams
  • calculate the mean, median, mode and range for individual and discrete data and distinguish between the purposes for which they are used
  • calculate an estimate of the mean for grouped and continuous data
  • identify the modal class from a grouped frequency distribution
42
Statistical diagrams
  • construct and interpret bar charts, pie charts, pictograms, simple frequency distributions, frequency polygons, histograms with equal and unequal intervals and scatter diagrams
  • construct and use cumulative frequency diagrams
  • estimate and interpret the median, percentiles, quartiles and interquartile range for cumulative frequency diagrams
  • calculate with frequency density
  • understand what is meant by positive, negative and zero correlation with reference to a scatter diagram
  • draw a straight line of best fi t by eye
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